What issue does cultural bias in testing primarily affect?

Cultural bias in testing primarily affects the interpretation of a student's abilities. This phenomenon occurs when standardized tests are designed, administered, or scored in a manner that reflects the cultural norms and values of a particular group, often disadvantaging students from diverse backgrounds. As a result, the test may not accurately measure the knowledge, skills, or potential of these students.

When a test is culturally biased, it can produce scores that do not truly represent a student's capabilities or understanding of content. This misrepresentation can lead educators and diagnosticians to incorrectly assess a student’s academic performance or potential, ultimately influencing their educational opportunities and support services. Recognizing cultural bias is critical to ensuring fair assessment practices that can genuinely reflect each student's abilities and competencies, regardless of their cultural background.